Data types in Python define the kind of data a variable can store. Every value in Python has a data type, and it tells Python how to store, process, and use that data in memory.
Since Python is a dynamically typed language, you do not need to declare data types explicitly. Python automatically assigns a data type based on the value.
Why Data Types Are Important
Data types help Python:
- Decide how much memory to allocate
- Perform valid operations on data
- Prevent unexpected errors
- Improve program readability and logic
Example:
x = 10
y = "10"
Although both look similar, x is an integer and y is a string.
Built-in Data Types in Python
Python provides several built-in data types, grouped into categories.
Numeric Data Types
Used to store numbers.
1. int (Integer)
Stores whole numbers.
age = 25
marks = 90
2. float
Stores decimal numbers.
price = 99.99
temperature = 36.5
3. complex
Stores complex numbers.
num = 3 + 5j
Text Data Type
str (String)
Used to store text or characters.
name = "Python"
message = 'Hello World'
Strings can be created using single or double quotes.
Boolean Data Type
bool
Stores only two values: True or False.
is_logged_in = True
is_admin = False
Used mainly in conditions and decision-making.
Sequence Data Types
1. list
Stores ordered, changeable collection of items.
languages = ["Python", "Java", "C"]
2. tuple
Stores ordered but unchangeable collection.
coordinates = (10, 20)
3. range
Represents a sequence of numbers.
numbers = range(1, 5)
Set Data Type
set
Stores unordered, unique values.
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Duplicates are automatically removed.
Mapping Data Type
dict (Dictionary)
Stores data in key–value pairs.
student = {
"name": "Aman",
"age": 21,
"course": "Python"
}
Dictionaries are widely used in real-world applications.
None Data Type
NoneType
Represents the absence of a value.
result = None
Often used as a placeholder.
Checking the Data Type
Use the type() function to identify the data type.
x = 100
print(type(x))
Output:
<class 'int'>
Type Conversion (Type Casting)
Python allows converting one data type into another.
x = "10"
y = int(x)
Common conversions:
int()float()str()bool()
Conclusion
Data types are essential in Python because they define how data is stored and processed. Understanding data types helps you write correct logic, avoid errors, and build efficient programs.
Mastering data types is a key step before learning conditions, loops, and functions.
References
- Internal Reference: https://savanka.com/category/learn/python/
- External Reference: https://www.w3schools.com/python/