Open Source and Proprietary Software Software can be classified based on its availability, licensing, and usage rights.Two main categories are Open Source Software and Proprietary Software. Understanding these types is…

Operating System (OS) Basics An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and users.It manages computer resources, provides a user interface, and ensures…

Types of Software Software is a set of programs and instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks. Without software, a computer is just hardware.Software can be broadly…

Storage Hierarchy in Computers The storage hierarchy is a structured arrangement of memory and storage devices based on speed, cost, and capacity. It ensures efficient data access while balancing performance…

Cache and Secondary Storage Primary memory (RAM/ROM) is fast but limited in capacity. Secondary storage is used to store large amounts of data permanently.Cache memory acts as a high-speed intermediary…

Primary Memory Primary memory, also called main memory, is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. It temporarily stores data, instructions, and intermediate results that the CPU needs while performing…

Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often called the “brain of the computer”. It is responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and controlling all operations of…

Output Devices An output device is any hardware component that receives data from a computer and presents it in a usable form. Output devices are essential because they allow users…

Input Devices An input device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data or instructions into a computer. These devices are essential because computers cannot function without…

The generations of computers classify computers based on the major technology used during their development. Each generation brought significant improvements in size, speed, storage, efficiency, and reliability. Understanding the generations…