Python decorators are special functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods without changing their actual code. They provide a clean and reusable way to add functionality dynamically.…

Inheritance and polymorphism are key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python. Inheritance allows a class (child) to inherit attributes and methods from another class (parent), promoting code reuse. Polymorphism…

Python is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, and classes and objects are its core concepts. A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of…

In Python, exceptions are errors that occur during program execution, which can disrupt the normal flow. Exception handling allows you to catch and manage these errors, preventing your program from…

File handling in Python allows you to read from and write to files. Python provides built-in functions to handle files efficiently, making it easy to store and retrieve data. Why…

Modules and packages in Python help organize and reuse code. A module is a single Python file containing functions, classes, and variables. A package is a collection of modules organized…

Type casting in Python is the process of converting one data type into another. Since Python is dynamically typed, you can easily change the type of a variable to perform…

Input and output in Python allow programs to interact with users. Input lets users provide data, while output displays results or messages on the screen. Python provides simple built-in functions…

Strings in Python are used to store text data. A string is a sequence of characters enclosed within single quotes ' ' or double quotes " ". Strings are one…

Dictionaries in Python are used to store data in key–value pairs. They are unordered, changeable, and indexed by keys, making them ideal for structured data. Dictionaries are written using curly…