Once your PHP script is connected to a MySQL database, the next step is performing DML (Data Manipulation Language) operations.DML includes the following actions: INSERT – Add new records SELECT…

PHP provides two major ways to connect to a MySQL database: MySQLi (MySQL Improved Extension) PDO (PHP Data Objects) Both methods allow you to run SQL queries, fetch records, insert/update…

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a software system that helps store, manage, and retrieve data in a structured, tabular format. It is based on the principles of E.…

PHP allows developers to dynamically generate images using the GD Library, a powerful graphics extension. You can create images from scratch, add text, draw shapes, resize images, and even convert…

Working with file uploads and downloads is one of the most common tasks in web applications. PHP makes it easy to upload images, documents, videos, and more using HTML forms…

PHP provides several built-in functions to create, read, scan, and delete directories. Working with directories is essential when building file-management systems, upload handlers, backup utilities, and dynamic storage structures for…

Deleting a file in PHP is done using the built-in unlink() function. This function permanently removes a file from the server, so it should be used with caution. It is…

Renaming a file in PHP is done using the built-in rename() function. This function can also be used to move a file from one directory to another. Renaming is useful…

Copying files is a very common task in PHP, especially when you need to create backups, duplicate uploaded files, move templates, or generate multiple versions of the same file. PHP…

Working with files is a fundamental part of PHP programming. Whether you are writing logs, creating reports, storing data, or generating downloadable files, you must understand how to properly open…