Storage Hierarchy in Computers The storage hierarchy is a structured arrangement of memory and storage devices based on speed, cost, and capacity. It ensures efficient data access while balancing performance…

Cache and Secondary Storage Primary memory (RAM/ROM) is fast but limited in capacity. Secondary storage is used to store large amounts of data permanently.Cache memory acts as a high-speed intermediary…

Primary Memory Primary memory, also called main memory, is the memory directly accessible by the CPU. It temporarily stores data, instructions, and intermediate results that the CPU needs while performing…

Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often called the “brain of the computer”. It is responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and controlling all operations of…

Output Devices An output device is any hardware component that receives data from a computer and presents it in a usable form. Output devices are essential because they allow users…

Input Devices An input device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data or instructions into a computer. These devices are essential because computers cannot function without…

The generations of computers classify computers based on the major technology used during their development. Each generation brought significant improvements in size, speed, storage, efficiency, and reliability. Understanding the generations…

Evolution and History of Computers The evolution of computers refers to the development of computing devices from early mechanical tools to modern electronic systems. Understanding the history of computers helps…

Advantages and Limitations of Computers Computers are essential tools in modern life due to their speed, accuracy, and ability to handle large amounts of data. However, despite their many benefits,…

Applications of Computers Computers are used in almost every field of modern life. From education and business to healthcare and entertainment, computers play a vital role in improving efficiency, accuracy,…