Conditional & Looping Statements in C

Introduction

Conditional and looping statements allow decision-making and repetition in C programs. Conditional statements execute code based on certain conditions, while loops repeat a block of code until a condition is met. These are fundamental for building logical and efficient programs.

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Key Points

1. Conditional Statements

1. if Statement

• Executes a block of code if the condition is true.
• Syntax: if(condition) { // code }

2. if-else Statement

• Provides two branches: executes one if condition is true, another if false.
• Syntax: if(condition) { // true block } else { // false block }

3. Nested if

• if statements inside another if statement for multiple conditions.

4. switch-case Statement

• Selects one of many blocks based on variable value.
• Syntax: switch(variable) { case 1: // code break; case 2: // code break; default: // code }

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2. Looping Statements

1. for Loop

• Repeats code a known number of times.
• Syntax: for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement) { // code }

2. while Loop

• Repeats code while condition is true.
• Syntax: while(condition) { // code }

3. do-while Loop

• Executes code at least once, then repeats while condition is true.
• Syntax: do { // code } while(condition);

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3. Break & Continue

• break: exits the loop immediately
• continue: skips the current iteration and continues with next

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Example Code

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int i;
    for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        if(i == 3) continue; // skips 3
        if(i == 5) break;    // exits loop at 5
        printf("%d\n", i);
    }

    int num = 2;
    switch(num) {
        case 1: printf("One"); break;
        case 2: printf("Two"); break;
        default: printf("Other");
    }
    return 0;
}