What Are Python Modules and Packages? See Examples

Modules and packages in Python help organize and reuse code. A module is a single Python file containing functions, classes, and variables. A package is a collection of modules organized in directories.

Using modules and packages improves code maintainability and scalability.

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Why Modules and Packages Are Important

They help to:

• Reuse code across multiple projects
• Organize programs logically
• Avoid code duplication
• Access built-in and third-party libraries

Example:

import math
print(math.sqrt(16))

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Python Modules

A module is simply a .py file with Python code.

Creating a Module

file: greetings.py

def hello():
    print("Hello, Python!")

Using the Module

import greetings
greetings.hello()

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Importing Specific Functions

from greetings import hello
hello()

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Python Packages

A package is a folder containing multiple modules and an __init__.py file.

my_package/
    __init__.py
    module1.py
    module2.py

Using a Package

from my_package import module1
module1.function_name()

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Built-in Modules

Python comes with many built-in modules:

• math – mathematical operations
• random – generate random numbers
• os – interact with operating system
• sys – system-specific parameters

Example:

import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))

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Installing Third-Party Modules

Use pip to install modules:

pip install requests

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Best Practices

✔ Use modules for reusable code
✔ Organize related functions into packages
✔ Avoid circular imports
✔ Use meaningful module names

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Conclusion

Modules and packages are essential in Python for writing organized, reusable, and maintainable code. They allow developers to work efficiently and structure large projects effectively.

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References

• Internal Reference: https://savanka.com/category/learn/python/
• External Reference: https://www.w3schools.com/python/